SQUIDs: A Technical Report

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Table of Contents

The technical report has been divided into separate pages so that it can be viewed in parts.

Part 1: Superconductivity

Superconductivity
The Meissner Effect
The Classification of Superconductors
The BCS Theory

Part 2: Flux Quantisation and Interference Effects

Flux Quantisation
Theory of the Josephson Junction
DC Josephson Effect
AC Josephson Effect
Interference and SQUIDs

Part 3: SQUIDs

SQUID Theory
DC SQUIDs
Real DC SQUIDs: Loops with Inductance
Hysteresis
Practical DC SQUIDs
DC SQUID Circuitry
Sensitivity Limitations
Junction Types
Theory of a Single Junction Ring
The RF SQUID System
Practical Devices
SQUID Materials
Fabrication Techniques
Resistive Films
Other Techniques

Part 4: Applications

Magnetic Field Measurement using SQUIDs
Magnetometers
Gradiometers
Making Electrical Measurements using SQUIDs
The Direct Current (DC) Comparator
Radiation and Alternating Current
Measuring the Magnetic Moment and Susceptibility
The Use of SQUIDs in Noise Thermometry
Scanning SQUID Microscopy
Geophysical Applications of SQUIDs
Biomagnetism
Brain Imaging
Noise

Part 5: Miscellaneous

Commercial Systems
Other Applications
High Temperature Josephson Junctions

Part 6: References

References

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References

[1] S. Pagano, A. Barone, Supercond. Sci Technol. 10 904-908 (1997)

[2] T. Rhyänen, H. Seppä, J. Low Temp. Phys. 76 Nos. 5/6 287-386 (1989)

[3] M. B. Ketchen, J. M. Jaycox, Appl. Phys. Lett. 40 736 (1982)

[4] M. Tinkham, Introduction to Superconductivity 2nd Ed. (McGraw-Hill, 1996)

[5] R. P. Gifford, J. C. Gallop, B. W. Petley, Progress in Quantum Electronics Vol. 4 Part 4 (Pergamon Press, 1976)

[6] Gallop, J.C. SQUIDs, the Josephson Effect and Superconducting Electronics. Adam Hilger. 1991.

[7] Clarke, John. SQUID - Current Performance of Superconducting Quantum Interference Devices. de Gruyter, 1976.

[8] Zimmerman, Thine and Harding, Design and operation of stable rf-based superconducting point contact devices... J. Appl. Phys. 41, 1572-1580 (1970).

[9] Mercereau, J.E. Superconducting Magnetometers with sensitivities approaching 10-10 G. Rev. Phys. Appl. 5, 21-24 (1970).

[10] Goodman, Hesterman, Rorden and Goree. Superconducting instrument systems. Proc IEEE 61, 20-27 (1973).

[11] H. Abe, K. Hamasaki, K. Kojima, M. Sasaki, Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 33 3435-3442 (1994)

[12] H. Abe, K. Hamasaki, T. Ishiguro, Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 33 7210-7213 (1994)

[13] van Duzer, Principals of Superconductive Devices & Circuits.

[14] Applied Physics 68, 1169 (1990)

[15] Journal of Research and Development Vol. 39, No. 6-Proximal probe microscopes.

[16] L.N. Vu, M. S. Wistrom, and D. J. Van Harlingen, Applied Physics Letters 63, 1693 (1993)

[17] Journal of Research and Development Vol. 39, No.6-Proximal probe microscopes.

[18] David W. Abraham, C. C. Williams, and H. K. Wickramasinghe, Applied Physics Letters 53, 1503 (1988).

[19] Superconducting Electronics 106, Wiley (1989).

[20] Heart monitoring with high-Tc d.c. SQUID gradiometers in an unshielded environment. R Weidl et al., Superconducting Science Technology 10, (1997).

[21] A seven-channel high-Tc SQUID-based heart scanner. H J M Brake et al., Measurement Science Technology 8, (1997).

[22] Chen et al, 1987 Phys. Rev. Lett. 58 1972

[23] Chen et al, Trans. on App. Supercon. Vol. 3, No. 1, March 1993, 2333

[24] Picture from Foleg et al, IEEE Trans. on App. Supercon., vol. 3, No. 1, March 1993, 2361

[25] Xiaofan Meng et al, IEEE Trans. on App. Supercon., vol 3, no. 2, June 1995, pp. 2377

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